Explain the steps involved in DHCP client/server interaction

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) provides a framework for passing configuration information to hosts on a TCP/IP network. DHCP is based on the BOOTP protocol, adding the capability of automatic allocation of reusable network addresses and additional configuration options. DHCP messages use UDP port 67, the BOOTP server's well-known port and UDP port 68, the BOOTP client's well-known port. DHCP participants can interoperate with BOOTP participants. DHCP consists of two components:

1. A protocol that delivers hostspecific configuration parameters from a DHCP server to a host. 2. A mechanism for the allocation of temporary or permanent network addresses to hosts. IP requires the setting of many parameters within the protocol implementation software. Because IP can be used on many dissimilar kinds of network hardware, values for those parameters cannot be guessed at or assumed to have correct defaults. The use of a distributed address
allocation scheme based on a polling/defense mechanism, for discovery of network addresses already in use, cannot guarantee unique network addresses because hosts might not always be able to defend their network DHCP supports three mechanisms for IP address allocation: 1. Automatic Allocation: DHCP assigns a permanent IP address to the host. 2. Dynamic Allocation: DHCP assigns an IP address for a limited period of time. Such a network address is called a lease. This is the only mechanism that allows automatic reuse of addresses that are no longer needed by the host to which it was assigned. 3. Manual Allocation: The host's address is assigned by a network administrator.