List and explain the social insurances available in India.

The various social insurances provided in India are: Employee state Insurance - 

1. The Employee State Insurance Act which was introduced in 1948, is a piece of social welfare legislation introduced primarily with the object of providing quite a few benefits to employees in case of sickness, injury and maternity and also to create provision for certain others matters incidental to that. The Act in fact tries to achieve the goal of socio-economic justice enclosed in the directive principles of state policy which enjoin the state to make efficient condition for securing, the right to work, good health, education and public assistance in cases of unemployment, sickness, old age and so on. The act endeavors to materialise these objects through only to a restricted extent. This act provides a broader spectrum then any other insurance or factory act. While the Factory Act deals with the health, welfare and safety of the workers employed in the factory premises only, the benefits of this act expand to employees whether working inside the factory or establishment or elsewhere or they are directly employed by the principal employee or by an intermediary agency, if the employment is incidental or in connection with the factory or establishment. 
2. Disability insurance - The most significant form of disability insurance is the one offered by the government. This program makes sure that all the citizens who are uninsured or underinsured are covered. This program does not offer huge benefits but it pays enough to prohibit poverty. Many well-known companies cover their employees against the probable hazards of disability. Employees face a high chance of meeting with an accident at the work place. So, it is crucial for companies to offer disability insurance. Worker‟s compensation policy comes under disability insurance. It pays workers who get disabled by job-related injuries. This program also pays benefits to the family members of workers who died while performing job-related tasks and also cover all the medical expenses. Individual disability insurance policy is also a part of disability insurance. This policy is meant for the temporary employees or those who are not covered under employer disability insurance or the self-employed. Any individual can buy such an insurance policy from any insurance company but premiums tend to stay high for policies that offer great benefits or that defines disability in a broader context. 
3. Health insurance schemes for the poor - Over the last several years there have been efforts to extend health insurance by various small NGOs. Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA) which is a membership based women workers' trade union, has developed a scheme to protect the poor women from financial burdens which arise out of high medical costs and several other risks. Each member of the association has an option to join the programme by paying Rs. 60 per annum and it provides limited cover for risks arising out of sickness, maternity needs, floods, accidents, widowhood and so on. The scheme is also linked with the saving scheme. Members have the option to either deposit Rs. 500 in SEWA Bank or pay annual premium of Rs. 60. SEWA started this programme with the support of one of the public sector insurance companies. According to SEWA the patients belonging to lower income groups who opt for the schemes would need systems which are straightforward, flexible, simple, prompt, and have less paper work and consists of fewer tiers. SEWA experience illustrates that other aspects of risk which need coverage include natural and accidental death of women and her husband, disablement, loss because of riots or flood or fire or theft. Other NGOS offering similar schemes are ACCORD in Karnataka, Aga Khan Health Services, India (AKHSI) and Nav-sarjan in Gujarat, and Sewagram medical college Maharashtra. The scheme developed by government insurance companies to focus on poor is called Jan Arogya Bima Policy. 
4. Medicare - Medicare covers most of the medical expenses of elderly, disabled workers and veterans. Medicare has a number of different programs, which influence the types of benefits received by the beneficiaries. Some plan levels cover different procedures and provide assistance with bills incurred through hospital stays, prescription coverage, and doctor appointments. Medicare receives the funding through taxes deducted from current workers. 
5. Unemployment insurance - Unemployment Insurance provides temporary financial protection for workers who experience unforeseen layoffs due to lack of work and other reasons that are no fault of the employee. Unemployment programs also protect workers who suffer unemployment due to natural disasters like floods and cyclones. Funding for unemployment insurance is done through the employer's unemployment tax. ICICI Lombard has introduced this insurance in India.